Maraca Sumedang

Ada Apa dengan Marketplace Guru?

Oleh: Naufal Al-Zahra

Pegiat Sejarah dan Pemuda Persis Sumedang

Jagat pendidikan Indonesia lagi-lagi dilanda kehebohan. Kali ini, isu marketplace guru yang disampaikan oleh Nadiem Makarim, Mendikbudristek pada saat rapat bersama Komisi X DPR RI beberapa waktu lalu menuai reaksi dari berbagai pihak. Mulai dari kreator konten Tiktok, Instagram, Youtube, sampai dengan para aktivis pendidikan, beramai-ramai turut bersuara menanggapi wacana tersebut.

Umumnya masyarakat menanggapi wacana tersebut melalui kacamataca etis, terutama terkait dengan penggunaan diksi “marketplace” yang dianggap merendahkan martabat guru. Memang, jika kita cermati, penggunaan diksi tersebut sangat identik dengan wadah transaksi jual-beli.

Apakah penggunaan diksi tersebut mencerminkan latar belakang sang menteri yang populer sebagai bekas CEO startup terbesar di Indonesia? Sepertinya ada benarnya juga, akan tetapi, pertanyaan yang jauh lebih penting untuk kita ajukan di uraian ini ialah, apa yang sebenarnya dimaksud dengan marketplace guru itu? Mengapa pemerintah mencanangkan wacana tersebut?

Dasar Pemikiran

Marketplace guru yang baru-baru ini hangat diperbincangkan oleh masyarakat Indonesia pada dasarnya adalah sebuah wacana berkenaan dengan platform rekrutmen guru. Kehadiran wacana ini tidak terlepas dari permasalahan kesenjangan antara permintaan dan pemenuhan formasi guru-guru di banyak sekolah.

Selama ini, rekrutmen guru PNS/PPPK dilakukan secara terpusat dan terjadi setiap setahun sekali. Kendala yang biasa dijumpai dalam sistem seleksi tersebut ialah ketidaksinkronan antara formasi guru yang diusulkan Panitia Seleksi Daerah (Panselda) dengan yang bisa dipenuhi oleh Panitia Seleksi Nasional (Panselnas).

Selain itu, apabila ada guru-guru PNS yang pensiun, pindah, dan meninggal dunia, pihak sekolah harus menunggu waktu seleksi tiba yang hanya digelar setiap setahun sekali serta untuk mengisi formasi guru yang sering kali sepi peminat khususnya mapel-mapel muatan lokal atau peminatan.

Kemendibudristek memandang hal itu akan menghambat proses pemenuhan formasi guru dan memperbesar kesenjangan jumlah guru di sekolah-sekolah. Berhubung mulai saat ini hingga beberapa tahun ke depan, diperkirakan akan terjadi gelombang pensiun guru besar-besaran yang umumnya terdiri dari guru-guru PNS.

Dikutip dari tulisan Rahel Narda Chaterine yang diterbitkan Kompas.com, pada 2022, terdapat 970.410 formasi guru PNS/PPPK yang dibutuhkan sekolah-sekolah. Sedangkan, pemda baru mengajukan 343.631 formasi atau sebanyak 35%. Kemudian, pada 2024 mendatang, kebutuhan guru PNS diperkirakan akan mencapai 1.312.759 orang.

Melalui wacana tersebut, Kemendikbudristek, secara tidak langsung, mengakui kelemahannya dalam mengentaskan persoalan pemenuhan formasi guru di sekolah-sekolah. Alih-alih mampu memecahkan masalah, sistem seleksi guru yang selama ini diusahakan justru terus memperbesar kesenjangan jumlah guru-guru di sekolah.

Anggaran Lagi?

Kemunculan wacana marketplace guru perlu disikapi secara kritis. Bukan hanya berkutat pada soal penggunaan diksi yang akan disematkan pada identitas platform, melainkan pada jaminan efektivitas proses rekrutmen guru-guru. Jangan sampai kebijakan ini justru menghadirkan ladang segar untuk “mencari kesempatan dalam kesempitan” bagi tim vendor yang kini sedang bekerjasama dengan Kemendikbudristek, sedangkan hasilnya “jauh panggang dari api” dalam memecahkan masalah pemenuhan formasi guru.

Vendor yang bekerjasama dengan Kemendikbudristek ini sempat menjadi sorotan publik beberapa bulan lalu. Mendikbudristek menyebutnya sebagai “tim bayangan” tetapi segera dikoreksi olehnya sendiri. Vendor tersebut bekerjasama dengan dirjen-dirjen untuk membantu menciptakan berbagai aplikasi produk kebijakan Kemendikbudristek seperti Merdeka Mengajar, Kampus Merdeka, dan lainnya dengan menggunakan anggaran yang ditetapkan kementerian tersebut.

Ihwal penggunaan anggaran untuk aplikasi, Sri Mulyani, Menkeu pada 2022 yang lalu telah menyinggung bahwa pembuatan aplikasi oleh banyak kementerian atau instansi pemerintahan ini telah memboroskan keuangan negara. Perlu diketahui pula bahwa hingga saat ini, pemerintah telah mempunyai 27.000 aplikasi yang rata-rata memiliki kesamaan fungsi antara satu sama lain, yaitu menjadi database institusi terkait.

Menanggapi wacana marketplace guru, Sumardiansyah Perdana Kusuma, Presiden Asosiasi Guru Sejarah Indonesia (AGSI), dalam tulisannya yang terbit di majalah Tempo berjudul “Menyoal Marketplace Guru”, menganjurkan kepada Kemendikbudristek supaya memanfaatkan Dapodik sebagai sarana rekrutmen guru-guru, mengingat dalam database tersebut, semua data ihwal sekolah dan guru terintegrasi secara terpadu. Ia menambahkan, langkah tersebut perlu diiringi oleh pengawalan yang lebih intens lagi antara pihak sekolah, pemerintah daerah, dan pemerintah pusat supaya kebutuhan formasi guru-guru dapat terpenuhi.

Platform Serupa

Maksud dari wacana marketplace guru yang diusung oleh Kemendikbudristek pada intinya ialah membuka kesempatan pada sekolah untuk melakukan rekrutmen guru-guru secara langsung dan real-time. Dengan ini pula, maka guru-guru yang telah ditetapkan lolos seleksi PPPK dan lulusan PPG Prajabatan yang hendak mencari kerja dapat dihubungkan secara langsung dengan sekolah-sekolah.

Mengutip tulisan Sally Willis Besariani berjudul Marketplace Rekrutmen Guru yang diterbitkan di Kumparan.com, diterangkan bahwa “wadah ini menjadi database yang dapat diakses semua sekolah di Indonesia. Tujuannya adalah menyediakan ruang virtual di mana guru dapat menemukan, melamar, dan posisi pengajar yang sesuai dengan kualifikasi dan minat mereka.”

Disarikan dari tulisan yang sama, sebelum wacana tersebut muncul, platform serupa telah diimplementasikan di sejumlah negara Barat. Di Amerika Serikat (AS) terdapat beberapa platform semacam itu di antaranya Teach for America, Teach.org, dan LinkedIn for Education. Di Inggris terdapat platform Teach First. Sementara, di Swedia ada Skoljobb.se

Implikasi yang ditimbulkan dari kehadiran platform serupa dengan marketplace guru itu secara umum membuka aksesibilitas bagi calon guru-guru untuk melamar pekerjaan dan mendorong pemerataan guru di berbagai daerah. Tentu, kita berharap, seandainya kebijakan tersebut diterapkan di Indonesia, dapat menjadi solusi bagi masalah pemenuhan formasi guru yang sampai hari ini masih belum terpecahkan. 

Akankah Terealisasi?

Adagium, “ganti pemerintahan, ganti kebijakan” bukan hal asing lagi di telinga para guru maupun aktivis pendidikan Indonesia. Sebabnya, terbukti selama 20 tahun terakhir, Indonesia mengalami banyak perubahan kebijakan pendidikan, terutama yang paling terasa adalah perubahan kurikulum selama beberapa kali. Dimulai dari KTSP, Kurikulum 2013, hingga yang teranyar yaitu Kurikulum Merdeka.

Setiap Mendikbudristek selalu berusaha menciptakan peta jalan pendidikan Indonesia yang berkelanjutan, tanpa terkecuali di masa Nadiem Makarim. Sebagai sosok yang mempunyai keahlian dalam IT dan pengelolaan startup, Nadiem tengah berupaya melakukan inovasi dan mengintegrasikan kebijakannya dengan pelbagai perangkat mutakhir.

Tak sedikit pengamat yang menilai wacana marketplace guru yang disampaikan oleh Nadiem ini sangat layak untuk diperdebatkan dan dikawal proses pembuatannya. Tetapi, akankah wacana yang memiliki tujuan baik tersebut dapat terealisasikan? Berhubung dalam waktu dekat bangsa ini akan menghadapi pemilu yang menjadi tanda peralihan atau mungkin perubahan pemerintahan beserta segenap kebijakannya?

Di samping itu, belakangan ini, Presiden Joko Widodo, melalui Menpan-RB telah melarang segenap kementerian dan lembaga pemerintahan untuk membuat aplikasi baru lagi. Mengingat, kini pemerintah telah mempunyai Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik (SPBE) yang terintegrasi.

Lalu, bagaimana dengan wacana marketplace guru ini nantinya? Kita berharap bila kelak wacana ini terealisasi, dapat memberikan angin segar pada jagat pendidikan Indonesia, khususnya dalam memecahkan masalah pemenuhan formasi guru di banyak sekolah secara efektif dan efisien.

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